What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of activated charcoal?

• A. Binds and absorbs toxins in the digestive tract
• B. Neutralizes toxins in the blood
• C. Increases GI motility
• D. Acts as an antidote in the bloodstream

Answer: (A)

Activated charcoal works by adsorption in the digestive tract. Its porous surface binds many toxic substances, forming a complex that stays in the gut and isn’t absorbed into the bloodstream. That local action is what makes it useful after ingestion of certain toxins when given promptly. It does not neutralize toxins that are already in the blood, and it is not an antidote that works inside the bloodstream. It also doesn’t increase GI motility and isn’t effective for all substances (for example, caustics, hydrocarbons, alcohols, or metals).